In September 2007, the United Nations passed a non-binding Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand refused to sign.
from “Lakota people,” Wikipedia
These are the stories of the indigenous peoples of the four countries.
Australia
~ Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders
—–> Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
—–> Australians Together – Stories
Faces of Aboriginal Cultures:
“Aboriginal Art” by Roel Wijnants is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“Australia: Aboriginal Culture 002” by babasteve is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“Aboriginal Australian girl” by mingzhuxia is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 
“Australia: Aboriginal Culture 011” by babasteve is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“Aboriginal Man Playing Didgeridoo” by Corey Leopold is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Aboriginal Elder” by Theen … is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 
“ABORIGINAL WAR DANCE MEETS MAORI HAKA” by NAPARAZZI is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 
“Australia: Aboriginal Culture 015” by babasteve is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“Australia: Aboriginal Culture 001” by babasteve is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“aboriginal australian” by Taiger808 is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 
“Aboriginal dancers” by NeilsPhotography is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL DANCERS” by NAPARAZZI is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
Canada
~ First Nations (List of First Nations peoples)
—–> Innu-aimun: Online Language Learning
~ Inuit (also in Alaska)
~ Métis
Faces of First Nations Cultures:
“2018 – Vancouver – National Indigenous Day Drummer” by Ted’s photos – Returns Early October is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 
“Canada Entertains with Aboriginal Hoop Dancer” by Dept of Energy Solar Decathlon is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0 
“Aboriginal” by Bahman Mahmoudi is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Celebrating First Nations heritage and culture at Evergreen station” by BC Gov Photos is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Original Aboriginal” by derekGavey is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Young man dancing / Un jeune homme dansant” by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Aboriginal boy with his lead dog, Buffalo Narrows, Northwest Territories / Un garçon autochtone avec son chien de tête, Buffalo Narrows (Territoires du Nord-Ouest)” by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Inuit boy in front of rack of drying fish, Ivujivik, Quebec / Garçon inuit devant un séchoir à poissons, Ivujivik (Québec)” by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Inuit girl, Leah, carrying her younger brother, Noah, in her amauti / Une fille inuite, Leah, porte son petit frère Noah dans un amauti” by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Smiling young Aboriginal girl standing outdoors against a building at the Charles Camsell Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta / Une jeune fille autochtone souriante est debout contre le mur extérieur d’un bâtiment de l’Hôpital Charles Camsell, Edmonton (Alberta)” by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Woman outdoors in winter clothes / Femme dehors en vêtements d’hiver” by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Young Aboriginal girl and boy standing on grass, between a teepee and a dirt road, Ghost River, Alberta / Deux jeunes autochtones, un garçon et une fille, debout dans le gazon entre un tipi et un chemin de terre, Ghost River (Alberta)” by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Young Aboriginal girl standing outdoors with a church in the background, Southend, Saskatchewan / Jeune fille autochtone debout avec une église à l’arrière-plan, Southend (Saskatchewan)” by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Young man dressed in regalia / Jeune homme portant des vêtements de cérémonie” by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Totems – Comox Valley, British Columbia – Canada” by Kris Krug is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
New Zealand
~ Māori Culture:
—–> Te Ara – Encyclopedia of New Zealand
—–> Māori Dictionary
—–> Advanced: Journal of the Polynesian Society
Faces of Māori Culture:
“maori village – carving” by Singing With Light is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Maori Woman Smile” by Stanley Zimny (Thank You for 52 Million views) is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“New Zealand: Maori Culture 002” by babasteve is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“Maori carving.” by Bernard Spragg is marked with CC0 1.0 
“Maori Warrior” by geoftheref is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“A stunning example of a Maori warrior’s tattoos” by RaviGogna is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Maori warriors” by tico_manudo is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Maori Artist Performs Traditional Dance” by United Nations Photo is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“ASB Polyfest 2008 Ruderford High Maori Group” by Richard Sihamau is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“maori-dancer1.jpg” by rowanf is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 
“maori child” by Big_boss_man74 is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Maori” by takenbygabi is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Maori Thermal Village” by Seth Mazow is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 
“Whakarewarewa Maori carving school where young men learn traditional carving techniques and styles in Rotorua.” by denisbin is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0 
“Maori Chant” by pietroizzo is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
USA
Tribal Nations and the United States – An Introduction
Celebrating Native Heritage (various tribal affiliations):
“First Annual UVA Native American Pow Wow” by Bob Mical is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“LG at National American Indian Heritage Month kickoff” by MDGovpics is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“National Congress of American Indians” by WaStateGov is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0 
“Native American Heritage Day (photos of my ancestors in background)” by Neeta Lind is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“American Indian Heritage Month — Journeys to the Past” by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Los Angeles District is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0 
“Members of the Native American Women Warriors –- a Pueblo, Colorado-based association of active and retired American Indians in U.S. military service -– at a Colorado Springs Native American Inter Tribal Powwow and festival in that central Colorado city.” by US Department of State is marked with CC0 1.0 
“Native American Artist, Santa Fe, NM 7-29-13u” by inkknife_2000 (11.5 million views) is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 
“Grand Canyon_Native American Heritage Day_0194” by Grand Canyon NPS is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Native American Woman” by marksontok is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Native American Regalia” by Tobyotter is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Native American Children” by Rennett Stowe is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Children in Native American costume at International Family Center grand opening, 2004” by Seattle Municipal Archives is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Native American Girl at 42st Annual American Indians Reaching for Opportunities (AIRO) Pow Wow at UWSP’s Berg Gym 5/2/2015 6:20PM” by Craig Walkowicz is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 
“Living Earth Festival, National Museum of the American Indian” by SmithsonianNMAI is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“LG at National American Indian Heritage Month kickoff” by MDGovpics is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“LG at National American Indian Heritage Month kickoff” by MDGovpics is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“American Indian Women” by Rennett Stowe is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“Native American Dancer 5” by ahisgett is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Native American Dancers 2” by ahisgett is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“American Indian Society Pow Wow” by cool revolution is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
Selection of the 574 federally recognized tribes
Algonquian Peoples:
~ Croatan Tribe: Now the Lumbee Tribe
~ Abenaki Tribes (Nulhegan Abenaki, Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi, Elnu Abenaki, Ko’asek Traditional Band of the Sovereign Abenaki Nation)
~ Powhatan Confederation (Rappahannock Tribe)
~ Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe (Our Story: Wampanoag History)
~ Ojibwe / Chippewa (1, 2, 3)
~ Mi’kmaq (more cultural information: Mi’kmaq Spirit)
~ Cree
~ Arapaho
~ Cheyenne
~ Mohican
~ Lenape (more cultural information: Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania)
Iroquois: Haudenosaunee Confederacy
~ Cayuga Nation
~ Mohawk Nation (also in Canada)
~ Oneida Nation
~ Onondaga Nation
~ Seneca Nation
~ Tuscarora Nation
The “5 Civilized Tribes” (from the southeast, infamously sent on the Trail of Tears):
~ Cherokee Nation
~ Chickasaw Nation
~ Choctaw Nation
~ Muscogee (Creek) Nation
~ Seminole Nation (Oklahoma) & Seminole Tribe (Florida)
Great Sioux Nation
~ Dakota (Isáŋyathi/Santee or Eastern Dakota, Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna/Yankton-Yanktonai or Western Dakota/Nakota)
——-More cultural information: Dakota Artifacts (Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community – tribal website)
~ Nakota (Assiniboine, mostly in Canada)
~ Lakota (Thítȟuŋwaŋ/Teton or Lakota) – 7 branches below:
- Sičháŋǧu (Brulé, Burned Thighs) – Tribe website
- Oglála (“They Scatter Their Own”) – Tribe website
- Húŋkpapȟa (Hunkpapa, “End Village”, Camps at the End of the Camp Circle) – Tribe website
- Itázipčho (Sans Arc, Without Bows) – Tribe website for Itázipčho, Mnikȟówožu, Sihásapa, Oóhenuŋpa
- Mnikȟówožu (Miniconjou, “Plant Near Water”, Planters by the Water)
- Sihásapa (“Blackfeet” or “Blackfoot”)
- Oóhenuŋpa (Two Kettles)
More cultural information at their YouTube Channel: Wo Lakota
Athabascans:
~ Navajo Nation
~ Apache Nations (Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, Fort Sill Apache, Jicarilla Apache, Mescalero Apache, Nde Nation/San Carlos Apache, Tonto Apache, White Mountain Apache, Yavapai-Apache)
~ Alaskan Athabaskans
~ Athabaskan language similarities
Descendants of Ancient Puebloans:
~ Hopi Nation
~ Pueblo of Zuni
Other Famous Tribes:
~ Pawnee Nation
~ Comanche Nation
~ Ute Nation (Northern, Southern)
~ Shoshone Tribes (Fallon Paiute-Shoshone, Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, Eastern Shoshone)
~ Yakama Nation
~ Salish Tribes (List, Map, Eastern Salish History, General Salish History)
~ Colville Tribes
~ Nez Perce
More Information:
1. Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI)
2. Smithsonian NMAI (YouTube Channel)
3. Legends of America
4. Native Languages of the Americas
5. Indigenous Americans (YouTube Channel)
6. Native Media Network (Based in New Mexico)
7. Museum of Indian Arts and Culture (New Mexico)
8. Welcoming Dialogue on American Indian/Alaska Native Bias (Free online class)
9. A Handbook of Native American Herbs
10. American Indian Food (book)
11. History of Coastal North Carolina Tribes (now extinct) – Algonquian, Iroquois, Sioux
Learn a Native American Language:
~ 3 Questions to Ask Yourself Before Learning an Indigenous Language as a Non-Native
~ Native Languages of the Americas
~ Native American Language Learning Materials
~ More Native American Language Lessons and Resources
~ Our Mother Tongues: Resources for 14 major indigenous North American languages
~ Powwows: More advice and resources for learning indigenous North American languages
~ Apps for various indigenous languages: Lindsay Does Languages
~ Find university language classes for indigenous language: MLA Language Enrollment Database – for example, at the University of Oklahoma
~ Books for learning indigenous languages: Powell’s Bookstore
~ Learn more about 5 [famous] Native American languages you should learn
~ Learn about the race to save indigenous languages in the United States
~ More history about keeping indigenous languages alive
~ The influence of power in linguistics and law: How a non-Native researcher came to “own” a Native language
Faces of American Indian Tribes:
Lumbee: “Faces at the Pow Wow” by Tobyotter is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Lumbee Powwow Lumberton NC 6592” by bobistraveling is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Abenaki Brave” by Suzy-has-stinky-feet is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0 
Rappahannock: “Camden property signing” by U.S. Army Environmental Command is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Wampanoag Canoe Making” by herzogbr is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 
“Ojibwe Lacrosse League 14” by upwiththemooses is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 
“An Ojibwe Native American spearfishing, Minnesota, 1908.” by Jared Enos is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Mi’kmaq Nation People” by Shawn Harquail is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“Mohican Pow Wow – 38” by rbatina is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Lenni Lenape dancer” by impulse2c is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape” by Jack Kurzenknabe is marked with CC PDM 1.0 
“General Assembly President Meets Haudenosaunee Spiritual Leader” by United Nations Photo is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Peter Newhouse, Onondaga / Peter Newhouse, Onondaga” by BiblioArchives / LibraryArchives is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Cherokee Hoop Dancer” by roanokecollege is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
Sedelta Oosawee (Cherokee Nation), Senior Advisor/Acting Deputy Director, Office of Tribal Relations (OTR) gave the closing remarks at the 2016 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Native American Heritage Month Observance in Washington, DC Thur. Nov. 17, 2016. USDA photo by Bob Nichols. 
Poet Laureate of the United States Joy Harjo, June 6, 2019. Harjo is the first Native American to serve as poet laureate and is a member of the Muscogee Creek Nation. Photo by Shawn Miller/Library of Congress. 
“Lakota Helicopter Dedication 11 Procession” by North Dakota National Guard is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 
Lakota: “Start by doing what’s necessary; then do what’s possible; and suddenly you are doing the impossible. Francis of Assisi #NoDAPL #WaterisLife #MniWiconi #IndigenousUnited #Indigenous #IndigenousResistance #Sioux #Lakota #AIAN #NativeAmerican #N8TV #NTV #S” by eyewashdesign: A. Golden is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
Navajo: “Larry Anderson Sr. // Native American Elder / American Indian elder” by Donovan Shortey is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
Navajo Nation Vice President Rex Lee Jim Monday, Mar. 3, 2015. USDA photo by Bob Nichols. 
“Jicarilla Apache Mundo Dancers, Dunes in Background” by Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is marked with CC PDM 1.0 
“Hopi Festival Dancers – Museum of Northern Arizona” by Al_HikesAZ is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 
“Pawnee Scouts” by TravelKS is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 
“Nez Perce Dancing” by armigeress is licensed under CC BY 2.0
Alaska Natives:
~ Alaska Native Heritage Center
~ Alaska Native Peoples
~ About Alaskan Natives
~ Alaskool.org and Alaska Native Languages Index
~ Find university language classes for indigenous language: MLA Language Enrollment Database
More Information:
1. Legends of America
2. Native Languages of the Americas
3. Indigenous Americans (YouTube Channel)
4. Welcoming Dialogue on American Indian/Alaska Native Bias (Free online class)
Faces of Alaska Native Cultures:
Native Hawai’ians:
~ About Native Hawai’ians: Minority Rights
~ Native Hawaiian Heritage and Culture: National Parks Service
~ 7 Ways How to Learn the Hawaiian Language
~ Hawaiian Traditions: The Hawaiian Islands
~ Hawaiian Legal Knowledge and Learning: Punawaiola
~ Native Hawai’ian Advocacy: Hawai’i Appleseed
~ More Information: Wikipedia
Faces of Native Hawaiian Culture:
“Native Hawaiian Music Through The Years at UHWO” by University of Hawai‘i–West O‘ahu is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0 
“Group of native Hawaiian hula dancing girls and musicians, Hawaii, 1907 (CHS-1266)” by Fæ is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“Native Hawaiian Music Through The Years at UHWO” by University of Hawai‘i–West O‘ahu is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0 
“Luau, Maui Style” by desertdutchman is licensed under CC BY 2.0 
“MAUI LUAU STORYTELLER LUAU” by DirectDish is licensed under CC BY 2.0